2008 selection
A stopwatch would tell you when the fermentation is over
(Reason for massaging a cramped muscle)
The sense of touch travels faster to the brain than the sense of pain
(Part of experimental plan comparing diets)
Take 3 groups of identical triplets ...
Action of the iris in protecting the eye:
- shrinking to have less of the eye to burn
- when muscles become taught they let less light through
Parts of a plant:
steam -
routs -
petile
ADH tells us that we must not produce so much urine
Cactus structure: when thirsty it takes water from the stem
Sweating
- releases a liquid which is cool
- gets rid of water so you can drink more
- gets rid of hot water
- the higher the temperature goes the higher the sweat glands pump out sweat
- in hot conditions the brain produces more hot and moist products
Comments on lynx & hare population dynamics:
- the lynx kills the rabbits then the babies come
- lynxes ate all the hairs
- lynxes starved as the rabbits ran out
- lynx needs food and hares are always mating
Alcohol is quickly absorbed ... so it cannot need chewing
Effects of fright:
- the pancreas freezes with fright
- sugar in the blood needs to get to the organs which are in question
- the mind may wander
The plants roots are below ground and so they do not see light
There is not enough water in the dessert
Effects of adrenaline: go pail
Why does a father produce lots of sperm, but a mother usually only produces one egg?
- the father has lost because the sperms swim to both ovaries
- to make a baby you need 1 ovum and lots of sperm
- sperms die quicker, the ovum lives longer
Why does the ovum have a food store?
- so the baby has something to eat
- when the baby becomes fertile it can eat
Why do all food chains start with a plant?
- because we will never run out of them
- plants get their food from the sun
Comment on sun's light and heat:
when there is less sun it means the earth is spinning
Colourfilm makes leaves green
Animals eat fruits and it grows out of the waist
Some herbivores only eat green plants
Why do cotyledons contain starch?
To give the seedling a kick start out of the ground.
Tar causes cancer in cigarettes
Effect of excess alcohol consumption: it damages your lover
In sweating pores of the skin are instructed to enlarge to release warm bodily water
Protein could not be digested any further than the stomach without enzyme breakdown as their molecules are too big
antidiabetic hormone
Myelination of neurons
- prevents the impulse from travelling anywhere than the nerve
- makes impulses unidirectional
- prevents loss of heat
- there is a myelin sheath round its action
The Na+/K+ pump uses active diffusion
Evaporative cooling is caused by evaporation of heat from the skin
In vasodilation more blood is released through the skin
Lugworms in burrows under the sea:
- have to hold their breath for long periods
- need low pO2 for their uptake of haemoglobin
- their oxygen will dissociate at low partial pressures
- there is less O2 in the mum
- haemoglobin has a high infinity to bind to oxygen
On the other hand
Lungworms live in the mud
Heat would not affect the larvae as their enzymes are not yet fully developed
Pepsin is secreted inactively in the stomach
Nervous control of digestion is by impulse
Evaporation of water creates a potential difference between leaves and roots
Bile is released to impulsify fats
The substrate molecule is complimentary to the enzyme's active site
In diabetes
- the bladder absorbs glucose and releases it as urine
- glucose is not removed from the neuron
- access glucose is reabsorbed in the urine
- large amounts of urine are produced because the glomerulus is confused
- glucose is not broken down into smaller soluble molecules
Taxis is moving in a directional manor
When food enters the digestive system nerves are stimulated and sent to the stomach
Heat is lost from the skin by transpiration
Plant adaptations to survive in dry climates
- lunch time closing
- shrunken stomata
There are more algae at the deep end of the sea
Protease enzymes work by removing peptide bonds
Dipeptides are broken down into peptides
Marine animal: the sea skirt
The hypothalamus is the part of the brian that detects change in temperature
ADH means less water is osmotically transported to the bladder
This process needs energy which requires oxygen to be synthesised in the mitochondria
When the muscles attached to the hairs are relaxed, hairs do not keep humidity close to the skin
Standard deviation
- illuminates outliers
- can be used to expel anomalies
